The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment - 1718 Words

Geoengineering is the on purpose mass manipulation of the environment, in an attempt to stop or slow down the effects of global warming. It is being used as we speak to help save the atmosphere and slow global warming. Although it’s known that global warming is changing the planet for the worse, is Geo-Engineering the best way to fight it? Global Warming is melting our ice caps and sea levels are constantly rising at an alarming rate. If it is not combatted many major cities will be wiped off of the planet. The world has been combating geoengineering for a while with emitting chemtrails one among many of ideas. Although many ways are quick and relatively cheap, they all have their downsides. A popular tactic is the chemical†¦show more content†¦Their purpose is to reflect the sunlight back into space and lower the planet’s temperature. This process is known as global dimming. These little particles leave thick lingering streaks in the sky and take unusually long to dissipate. Organizations have been intervening in the climate to bring down the temperatures of the planet. Even though they may appear to be regular plane contrails, after a while it is easy to tell the difference. These pieces of aluminum hurt humans in a large way too. As the small particles drop down to the ground they end up everywhere. The sprayings are regular, but usually are done on sunny clear days. They end up in lakes and ponds and even in our lungs. These particles made up of small pieces of metal are mostly aluminum. The high concentrations can cause brain damage and many other problems such as kidney failure, nervous system impairment and memory loss at times. The particles can also mess up our digestive systems. Even though it may seem easy to combat if you stay inside for us it is even harder. The same water that is infected by the aluminum runs off into our lakes, ponds, and streams and into our wells. The same wells that supply us with all the water our homes receive. Now kids are being born with more respiratory problems as a result of the high levels being passed from their mother. Even though it is widely seen scientists to this day continue to deny this idea. When brought up in press conferences

Space Exploration The Space Program - 959 Words

Everyday people stare into the darkness above completely marveled by the bright lights painted across the sky. While the world above us appears beautiful and mystifying, it does not feel pivotal in our daily routine. The main concerns of many people comprise of paying their taxes and picking their children up from daycare; however, most people do not spend hours on end contemplating the urgency of exploring the unknown in the vast universe above. Because many people do not consider the importance of space exploration in their everyday lives, funding the space program seems completely preposterous. Many people wonder why the government should spend billions of dollars exploring the unknown when the United States has a debt ceiling approaching seventeen trillion dollars. The magnitude of space travel feels minuet when ample issues still exist here on Earth. However, the United States Government must fund the space program because it provides thousands of improvements to everyday techno logies and provides humans with the ability to someday leave Earth behind. To begin, The United States government should put ample funds in the space program to continue to improve everyday technologies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been behind thousands of technologies that we take for granted in our everyday lives. NASA produces technologies known as â€Å"spin-offs.† These spinoffs begin as technologies implemented in NASA missions, but after their use inShow MoreRelatedSpace Exploration : The Space Program Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pages The Space Race sparked an era of ingenuity and technological advancement that no one had seen before the Cold War. Once Russia launched Sputnik (â€Å"traveler† in Russian), the world’s first man made satellite, on October 4th, 1957 the race was on. The race also lead to several advancements in technology and education because of increased funding to make sure America got ahead of Russia. Many of these technologies are used today and many don’t know they are a result of the space program. From LEDs toRead MoreThe Current State Regarding Theu.s Space Exploration Program1177 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Cognitive Anthropologist Bob Deutsch discusses the current state regarding the U.S’ space exploration program as a whole. He particularly points to the fact that America seems to have lost its zeal to explore due to the fact that they are so caught up in their own â€Å"hunkered down existence†. For example, it was only a little over a decade ago that mars passed close to the earth; relatively a stones throw away and people looked up but even more said â€Å"so what?† and moved on. TheyRead MoreThe Impact of Space Exploration Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pages The continuation of space exploration is vital to the human race because it is a clear expression of the human’s desire to expand themselves, and advance further in knowledge and experience in such a way that has improved the conditions of living. The launch of the International Space Station is among one of its greatest achievements. â€Å"On January 25th, 1994, The Internationa l Space Station was the highlight of a moment brimming with promiseâ€Å" (Logsdon, 2008 p.237). This moment not only helpedRead MoreThe Space Of Space Exploration1207 Words   |  5 Pages Keep Spreading Human Footprints into the Space The space is always full of mysteries embellished with humans’ fantasy. Developing from the ancient theory of â€Å"round sky and square earth† to the Big Bang theory and even sending astronauts to other planets, humans use their intelligence to satisfy their curiosity towards the universe. The new discoveries and achievements along with the space programs show the competence of humans and prove the necessity to keep exploring the universe with human. AlthoughRead MoreThe International Space Station ( Iss ) Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesmankind to the moon, rovers to mars and space probes deep into the reaches of our solar system. Nations have striven to advance and attain great heights in the field of space exploration. The constant competitiveness between USA and USSR during the cold war led to many major breakthroughs in the history of space exploration beginning with USSR launching the first international space station and USA successfully landing a human on the moon. The international space station (ISS) stands as the basis ofRead MoreSpace Exploration Is A Waste Of Money1409 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered about the possibilities of finding a planet like Earth which can sustain life? Through the continuation of space exploration, we can continue to look for earth-like planets and learn much more about the mysteries of the universe. Space programs and exploration have helped mankind to develop useful knowledge in different fields such as digital technology and medicine. According to Mindy Townsend, a writer for the social networking website Care2, we have to give credit to NASARead MoreSpace Exploration1436 Words   |  6 PagesMoney in Space or Would it be Better Used at Home? ENG 122 English Composition II Mar 10, 2013 Is the United States Wasting Our Money in Space or Would it be Better Used at Home? While some may believe that space exploration funding could be better used to solve some of the issues on earth, the United States should continue to fund space exploration. The things learned from space exploration will help further scientific and medical research to find cures for diseases, space exploration alsoRead MoreAmerica Should Spend More on Space Exploration Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesfor space exploration and NASA towards the end of the year. The â€Å"Space Race† began in the 1950’s and 1960’s when Russia sent up the first successful, unmanned satellite named Sputnik in into outer space. The U.S. response was the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. During this time, the Soviets sent the first man in to orbit, Yuri Gagarin. Then, in July of 1969, the U.S. took the lead in the race by sending the first men to the moon on Apollo 11(â€Å"Space Exploration 1). EverRead MoreThe Benefits of Space Exploration Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesCuriosity has played an integral role in the advancement of the human species. From the discovery of fire by ancient ancestors to modern space explorations, it has been curiosity and the pursuit for a better future that has made humanity explore and innovate. However, exploration and innovation has never come without sacrifice. In regards to modern space exploration, the efforts to explore the universe has had negative effects including the loss of 18 human lives as of 2005 (CBS News, 2005), a tremendousRead MoreIs Space Exploration A Waste Of Money?1194 Words   |  5 Pagesuniverse about which we’ve known just a little. Thanks to space exploration, human beings have been able to discover so many interesting and incredible facts about the universe as well as develop new technologies which are used and benefit daily basis. Some people claim that space exploration is a waste of money, we should invest budget in other aspects of economy or science. However, I strongly believe that we should invest in space exploration because it might open a door to new habitation, help further

Moss and Mcadams Accounting Firm Free Essays

RUNNING HEAD: MOSS AND MCADAMS Assignment #1: Moss and McAdams Accounting Firm Strayer University Bus 517 Bruce Palmer was a good guy looking to make a difference. He was lead to believe that Zeke Olds was going to be available to him throughout the project and that was not the case. He was led astray and betrayed by Ken Crosby, a new guy to MM. We will write a custom essay sample on Moss and Mcadams Accounting Firm or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crosby knew if he made the case to Sands early, that he would get his way. The client was one that MM was competing to get with two other big 5 accounting firms and since Crosby came from a Big 5 accounting firm, MM was going to give him whatever he needed to complete the project. Crosby was recruited specifically to manage special projects and this qualified as such. Even though Olds was already slated to work on the Johnsonville audit, Sands was persuaded by Crosby to let Olds work on his team due to the expertise that was essential to the Springfield project. If I was Palmer I would have talked to management about how the process is being handled and offer up a suggestion so that no other project manager would be misled by another. Palmer should have stood firm with Crosby from the beginning and maybe there would not have been a major issue along the way. He waited too long to talk with Sands and it proved that Palmers passive way was his demise in dealing with Crosby and ultimately lost him Olds on his project. Once Olds started to do consulting work he realized that auditing was not as fun as consulting work. I do not believe Palmer could have anything to prevent losing Olds. Olds might have had good intentions but he showed a lack of focus when he started showing up 30-60 minutes late. Palmer should have scheduled a meeting with Olds and try to figure out what Olds wanted to do. A mistake on Palmer’s part was never sitting down with Sands and telling her what was going on. There may have been no change but at least he would have stated his frustration and put the responsibility to resolve the issue with Sands. The lack of focus on the project by Olds being stretched in by two teams and conflicting priorities caused Olds to feel stressed. Palmer should have prioritized Olds objectives and set clear deliverables for him to measure up against. Had he told Olds what was expected he could have got ahead of the problem but instead he let Crosby interfere and drive Olds away from his project. Crosby never had any intention of letting Olds work on both projects. He made it clear to Sands when he first started that Olds was critical to the project and he wanted him on his team. Sands went along because Olds is a valuable player in the office and felt that it would be a good match. The problem with this situation is that Olds was being pulled in too many directions and not allowed to focus on projects that suited his talents. This is often the case in matrix type organizations. The disadvantage of a the matrix organization is instead of delegating segments of a project to different unit or creating an team, project members report to simultaneously to both functional and project managers. Having resources shared across multiple projects and divisions sounds like an efficient way to divide the energy of individuals across multiple projects on an as needed basis is a disadvantage as seen at MM. Olds was divided across multiple projects and ended up not being very efficient. Have a strong project focus is a clear advantage of a matrix organization because it provides having a formally designated project manager who is responsible for coordinating and integrating contributions of several units. This helps sustain a holistic approach to problem solving that is most often missing in functional organizations. Although this is an advantage, it was not the case at MM. The lack of project focus resulted in one project lacking the resource to complete the project. There was no coordination or integration between the two teams and resulted in two project managers fighting over one employee. The dysfunctional conflict between Crosby and Palmer opened up the tension between the two managers. There was a legitimate conflict that arose from conflicting agendas and responsibilities. The Springfield project was clearly a higher priority than the Johnsonville audit and Sands should have told Palmer, that although he is valuable to the audit, he would be more successful for the Springfield project. Palmer could have pulled another resource to take Olds place or hire a contractor to fill in the time when Olds would not be available. Olds was caught in a stressful situation where he was working in an environment in which he was being told to do two different tasks and had two different agendas by two different managers. This all led to infighting over Olds being shared across both projects and the two managers competing over for one resource. Palmer and Crosby were only concerned about their respective projects and Crosby knew what his end game was all along. Palmer was not clever enough to outwit Crosby and therefor he lost out on Olds. MM management clearly needs to set priorities and objectives for projects. The matter in which Sands handled Olds splitting time between two managers shows the type of organizational culture at MM. The matrix is one part of the equation but the culture is how that matrix is driven. The type of culture in MM lends the opportunity for Crosby to manipulate another manager for his personal gain. Sands knew that the Springfield project was high profile and Crosby was hired from a Big 5 firm for projects like these. Sands should have taken the time to hear Palmer’s concerns and make an informed decision. She only heard from Crosby and was told by Olds and with no regard for Palmer, made a decision to move Olds to Crosby’s project to satisfy the organization at the cost of another project. The norm, customs, shared values, and the â€Å"rules of the game† for getting along and getting ahead in the MM organization are clear to see from this project. They need to change how they select and assign project staff to multiple projects. They need to develop a system that appropriately balances the needs of the project with those of the organization. They could send out a survey to poll the employees to see how they would like to be selected for a project in order to get employees that wanted to do certain types of projects. Culture encourages the implementation of projects. How to cite Moss and Mcadams Accounting Firm, Essay examples

Challenges for criminal justice administrators free essay sample

Effective criminal justice administration in the society has been a longstanding challenge in numerous aspects (Hess Orthmann, 2008). This has been closely attributed to the complexity of crime activity trends in the community. Poor cooperation between members of the local communities and authorities in the process of administering justice is another commonly cited challenge in criminal justice administration (Mathur, 2003). This essay seeks to discuss the major challenges facing the police in the process of administering criminal justice. The author will also identify some satisfactions brought by the role of the police as well as a personal comment on the importance of this course. One of the major issues facing the police force is the problem of corruption. According to numerous research findings, the police officers have been rated among the most corrupt government agencies in the nation (Mathur, 2003). This is not only compromising their capability to effectively combat crime activities in the community but also serves to tarnish their reputation; leading to lack of confidence by the public to the force (Mathur, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges for criminal justice administrators or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such challenges have been closely attributed to failure by the police department to engage in establishing a strong code of conduct. Another challenge is appreciation of population diversity by the police in the process of administering criminal justice in the community. The society is no doubt marked with different individual in terms of; educational level, social and economic status, cultural values, and political influence as well as ethnic identity (Hess Orthmann, 2008). This has the implication that an effective law enforcement unit should understand and appreciate the nature of the community population to be dealing with. Nevertheless, difficulty in reflecting community diversity in their work has been blamed for activities such as racial profiling by the police in administering justice (More, 2008). Poor cooperation between the police and civilians serves the negative role of compromising the process of ensuring effective crime prevention services by the police. According to the principles of sustainable crime prevention, the local community serves an important in identifying, preventing, and reporting crime offenders in the community (Hess Orthmann, 2008). It is worthy noting that members of the local community are not only the core victims of crime but also the best tool for identifying the crime perpetuators. This is because they live with such individuals in their neighborhoods. Therefore, poor communication between police and the community (More, 2008) brings the challenge of failed law enforcement by the police. In addition, societal isolation of the police and their families negatively effects the social and job satisfaction attitude of the officers (Mathur, 2003). Just like other members of the community, police officers require to promote their social life with other members of the community. However, this is negated by the nature of their job and the perception of the community towards police officers. The police force is a disciplined force, thus they work one orders rather than dynamic situation analysis mode (Mathur, 2003). This brings to the individuals a dilemma of duty and relations or fairness, a factor which makes the police subject to public criticism, stigmatization, and fear. Still, the police face the challenge of combating crime given the complexity of some crimes in the society. The working of the police ranges from simple arresting of open crime offenders to engaging in investigating and confronting dangerous crime activities such as firearm trafficking (Hess Orthmann, 2008). This brings the challenge of ensuring safety of the officers during in service. Further, the police force is fighting with the problem of poor motivational practice on duty, a factor that serves to demoralize the officers (More, 2008). Indeed, this is the major reason behind the problem of corruption in the police force. Nevertheless, the role of police in administering criminal justice has a number of satisfactions. Meeting objectives in life is crucial in attaining self-satisfaction. This has the implication that ethical police officers find satisfaction in overseeing sustainable security in their area of service. This is also important in promoting community confidence in and cooperation with the force (Mathur, 2003). To realize this, police officers should seek to establish and sustain a strong relationship with the local community as a strategy for enhancing their crime prevention efforts while safeguarding their social relations in the society.

Ib Music Investigation free essay sample

â€Å"The Temple of Hate† and â€Å"Inner Vision† Both songs, â€Å"Inner Vision† and â€Å"The Temple of Hate,† are of the heavy metal genre. The song â€Å"Temple of Hate† is written by a Brazilian American heavy metal band named Angra. The song â€Å"Inner Vision† is written by an Armenian American heavy metal band name System of a Down. In this musical investigation, I will compare and contrast these songs, as well as the bands themselves. I will compare and contrast the song’s musical elements, as well as the storyline and the way the songs are set up. System of a Down, also known as SOAD, is an Armenian-American rock band from Glendale, California. The group formed in 1994, and later split in 2006. The band consists of Serj Tankian who sings lead vocals, and also plays the keyboards. Daron Malakian is the lead guitar player. Shavo Odadjian mainly played the bass. Last but not least, John Dolmayan whose main job was to play the drums. We will write a custom essay sample on Ib Music Investigation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The band first started after â€Å"Soil† had split up. Tankian and Malakian decided to start a new band. Their band name came from a poem title â€Å"Victims of the Down†. Yet they were convinced that the name System of a down would be more appealing to the public. The song â€Å"Inner Vision† is just one of their many songs. It came from the album â€Å"Steal this Album† which was released to the public on November 26, 2002. Angra is a power metal band from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Angra was formed in 1991 by Santa Marcelina Music College students vocalist Andre Matos, duo guitarist Rafael Bittencourt and Andre Linhares. The band Angra now consists of Edu Falaschi, who is the band’s leading vocals. Kiko Loureiro happens to be the band’s lead guitar player. Rafael Bittencourt happens to also play the guitars for the band. Felipe Andreoli is the band’s base player. Last but definitely not least, Ricardo Confessori is the band’s drums player. Unlike System of a Down, the band Angra has not split up, and they keep coming out with new music every year or so. The song â€Å"The Temple of Hate† came from their album called â€Å"Temple of Shadows. † You see the relation? Get it? â€Å"Temple of. † Anyways, the band released this album in January of 2006. A song is split into two, yet equal groups, the actual music played, and the lyrics sung throughout the song. In the two songs, â€Å"Temple of Hate† and â€Å"Inner Vision,† you can actually hear that both songs use the same type of instruments. Since both bands are heavy metal, you can hear the way the drums take up an important part in the music and is heavily inflicted into the songs. The drums are played with lots of experience, and since it is a heavy metal band, the drums are played really fast with lots of precision. In the song â€Å"Inner Vision,† the drums are the main instrument being used in the song. The drums are being played very heavily and efficiently by Dolmayan. If you ever happen to watch any music video with System of a Down, you will often notice that the drums player is always very exhausted at the end of the song. That is because the drums take up the most important role in this band’s genre. In the song â€Å"Temple of Hate,† you can also hear the drums going off as the main instrument. In both pieces, the drums are very heavy and take up the main role. Another important instrument in these songs, are the guitars. In each song, a heavy metal guitar bass is being used to get the â€Å"metal† type of feeling. Another key factor in these songs, is that there is a small section in the song where the guitarist does a solo. Meaning that at that specific time, the only instrument that is being played is the guitar. I think this is a very heavy contribution to the songs, as well as the band. In order to be a metal band, you must be able to play a killer metal guitar. When each song starts, you can hear both the drums and the guitar being played at a vigorous speed. Its almost amazing how they are able to defy the laws of physics. Another key factor I stated earlier was that the lyrics to a song are just as important as the actual music being played. In the song â€Å"Temple of Hate,† the lyrics are introduced into the song at about 55 seconds into the music. The lyrics in this song are very dark and demeaning. By looking at the title, you can automatically assume that the song has a very dark feeling to it and is a metal song: â€Å"Nations battle on the field across the lands Ruthless stealing territories from our hands Anger throwing down the victims to the ground Cold blood younger soldiers weeping with no sound Revolution striking down right now! † This verse is the very first one in the song. You can presume that the song is about war and revolution. The music goes very well with the lyrics. They feel as if they are being treated unfairly and they start a revolution. The music goes well with this annotation because you can feel the angry feeling to the music, as well with the lyrics. The lyrics also describe how the soldiers are young, and still technically â€Å"babies. † This fits well with the music because it shows a sign of disturbed youth, which inflicts heavy metal music on young adults. â€Å"The Temple of Hate† has no sign of a happy ending. Maybe for the country as a whole, but definitely not for these individual soldiers. System of a Down’s song â€Å"Inner Vision,† on the other hand, shows a different style with it’s lyrics: â€Å"Well I have a home Longing to roam I have to find you I have to meet you Signs of your face Slowing your pace I need your guidance I need to seek my inner vision Inner vision† These lyrics show a sign of neediness, maybe even greed. Unlike the song â€Å"The Temple of Hate,† the lyrics to System of a Down’s song â€Å"Inner Vision† shows no sign of a revolution, or being held back against one’s own will.

The eNotes Blog The Next Generation Digital Book A Whole New Way toRead

The Next Generation Digital Book A Whole New Way toRead As a bit of a purist on the book front, its been a rocky road to accept anything not printed on paper and bound by a soft cover. When e-readers first became popular, I was there, standing on the proverbial soapbox, lamenting to disinterested friends the decline of bookshelves, the end of book publishing. I overreacted, of course, but it was too tempting not to indulge in the melodramatic idea that books would go the way of LPs, that I was one of the select guardians of the old school. In reality, I was a bit of a snob. In the end, it was the convenience of an e-reader that got me. Safety came in at a close second (I was almost crushed one night reading Ken Follets World Without Enda 1024 page death trap in hardback), but mainly the sheer usefulness of a Kindle wore me down. Yet I still never looked at e-books as anything more than a lighter load for my daily commute. The equivalent of an audio book on a long car ridethey just dont add anything to the reading experience for me. Nothing compares to the weightiness of a good, solid book in your hands (even if it does threaten to collapse a lung). But then, when I wasnt paying attention, e-books began to change. With the advent of smart phones and tablets, the landscape of digital books has changed, becoming ever more creative. The next generation of digital books doesnt seek to just transfer words from page to screen, but rather to supplement the experience of reading a book in ways unique to its interface. Take artist Raghava KKs childrens book POP-IT  for example. The book was not so much written as it was specifically designed for an iPad. Raghavas motive to create the book was the same as that of many childrens fiction writers; he set out to teach children a lesson, specifically empathy, through a story: How could he teach young children the benefits of multiple perspectives with clear immediacy? Raghava concluded that peoples minds and childrens literature needed a shake-up. Literally. He explains the iBooks unique feature: If you notice carefully, its a homosexual couple bringing up a child. Dont like it? Shake it, and you have a lesbian couple†¦ Only when you teach perspectives will a child be able to imagine and put themselves in the shoes of someone else who is different from them†¦ I cant promise my child a life without biaswere all biasedbut I promise to bias my child with multiple perspectives. While the lesson may be nothing new to the realm of childrens literature, its delivery certainly is. And so it begs the question: to what extent will this change the way we experience literature? Are interactive iBooks and e-books simply a flashier, though essentially superfluous format, like pop-up books? Or does the capacity to integrate multiple medias vastly affect the way we internalize a story? In some cases, it will: I suppose our feelings towards interactive books then depend on each ones purpose. Textbooks and childrens books most readers would forgive outright, or, more likely, rejoice in. Imagine the capacity to assist students with learning disabilities, for instance. I personally could get behind a poetry collection that includes recordings of the poets themselves, or a version of The Canterbury Tales that contains audio of the original Middle English speechwhat great teaching tools! Last year Al Gore teamed up with a group of software developers to release Our Choice, a digital sequel to An Inconvenient Truth. For a non-scientific brain like mine, the embedded videos certainly clarify the content. Do we really need to be able to make a windmill move by blowing onto an iPad screen? Not really, but it is fun, and in the end youve learned something. In such cases, the ability to switch from text to video doesnt detract from the content on the page. In fact, it betters it. What happens, though, when the first really big multimedia novel is released? Or worse, when a classic gets a movie studio makeover, clips from the latest adaptation imported between the pages? What happens when the source of entertainment is no longer the joy of reading itself? We may have to learn a whole new way to read. This is where my excitement really turns to apprehensiveness. While I welcome the idea of a digitized book offering something more than sheer convenience, Im not altogether certain Ill like the outcome every time. Educational books? Great. Novels? I just dont know.  True, a more experimental author like Safran Foer could probably do something truly exciting with this media. Im willing to hold my breath. And though I may still indulge from time to time in the apocalyptic fantasy that books will one day cease to be as we now know them, I think we can all be certain that the joy of reading good stories will never go away, no matter what form they someday take. Whats your take on digitally interactive books? Feel free to sound off below.

Oceanography Discussion Short Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Oceanography Discussion Short - Essay Example The pH of the ocean does not change much because ocean water acts as an acid-base buffer. When acidic substances are added to seawater, they result in increased H+ ions. These ions react with bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in seawater, yielding carbonic acid (H2CO3), which further dissociates into CO2 and H2O. Thus, the pH does not change on addition of acid because neutral products are formed. Similarly, when basic (alkaline) substances are added to seawater, the bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) dissociate into CO32- and H+. The production of H+ ions thus neutralizes the OH- ions of the base and pH remains constant. The bicarbonate ions in oceans are produced as a result of volcanic eruptions and burning of fossil fuels that add carbonic acid to the seawater (Desonie 19). Goiter is a disorder in which the thyroid gland or any one of its two lobes enlarges and appears as a swelling in the front region of the neck. It results from hypothyroidism, i.e. inadequate production of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. This disorder results from iodine deficiency. Iodine is the precursor of thyroid hormones and its deficiency leads to their inadequate synthesis, thereby inducing the production of thyroid stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland. This hormone causes the enlargement of the thyroid, resulting in goiter. Goiter can be prevented by incorporating trace amounts of iodine in the diet. All products originating from seawater are good sources of iodine, as seawater contains dissolved iodine (Trujillo and Thurman 141). Consumption of natural sources of iodine such as seafood, fishes, sea vegetables, etc that originate in seawater are helpful for the prevention of goiter. Although both temperature and sea water affect the density of oceans, only salinity has a major influence on the density of the Polar Ocean. This is because of the extremely low temperatures at the poles. The temperature of the

Exploratory argument on what has come to be called the school - to - Essay

Exploratory argument on what has come to be called the school - to - prison pipeline - Essay Example The STPP has become a social problem since learners drop out, causing social disruptions due to the influence of the policies. Primarily, radical changes are required within the NCLB (No Child Left Behind) act and the Zero tolerance policy to bring back education to its worth of content instead of test scores, image and funding. When learners are well provided with the test and material, administrators and teachers not only require them to prosper, but are more disturbed with the students’ failures, since they miss sufficient funding (Christle,  Jolivette & Nelson,  2005). This makes the education phase to be merely on money and funds instead of content oriented system. When schools became victims of little test score due to the societal economic standpoint, offense ridden where imprisonment is high and other contributing social issues, then administrators and teachers are put in a situation where they cannot come out of the issues within the time frame. Besides, given tha t the social populations of the society are wealthier and safe, it is believed that they have higher scores due to some benefits; they are not adequately learning the content but rather for further grants. The administrators and teachers have perceived the test scores and material as a dollar symbol to get federal funding; denying learners the chance to acquire the full knowledge of an education. The next factor to the social problem of the STPP (School to Prison Pipeline) is the Zero Tolerance rule. All schools in US (United States) have Zero tolerance rules meant to make learning institutions a safe place by keeping drugs and weapons out of them. In retrospect, the Zero Tolerance appears to ensure that the learners are safe in mind. However, the effects of expulsion and suspension do not appear reasonable. When a leaner is suspended and stopped from coming to school, he or she looses much of the learning time. Besides, expulsing or suspending a student makes his or her drops back on the learning, making them not to care about education hence dropping out of school. Drop out of learners with little life skills and education make students to resort to more criminal offenses and activities. The huge investment done by the US government on the criminal justice policy instead of education system is worrying and increases the risk of the (STPP) School to Prison Pipeline. This makes the youth awareness and motivation towards an education system to constantly be low concerning the experience and values of learning. The massive investment being employed into prisons versus education indicates the relation between the little budget of education as well as reduced test scores. Possibly, when much funding is spent on education, learners would get the equipment in education and academia so as not to be part of this trend. When this is adhered to, the social problem of the STPP (School to Prison Pipeline) would effortlessly decline. Besides, to eliminate the aforementione d social issue, teachers, administrators and teachers should be accommodated in adjusting the No Child Left Behind policy. The educational stakeholders such as cabinet secretaries, ministries and political leaders need to recognize the social problems faced by the education system to enable instructors educate and teach learners about the content of the

All Philosophical Problems Caused by Sloppy Reasoning Essay

All Philosophical Problems Caused by Sloppy Reasoning - Essay Example Clearly, philosophical problems remain, though Wittgenstein had felt that he had solved them finally enough to retire after publishing the Tractatus (Richter, 2004). But by solving the issue of language, one can make sure that one is not making a mountain out of a molehill, asking absurd issues or creating issues where there are none. Anyone who has had the unpleasant experience of talking at cross-purposes with someone else knows that many problems are simply caused by poor assumptions as to what terms mean. Kripke suggests that Wittgenstein's work boils down to a â€Å"sceptical challenge†. The terms of this challenge doubt that anything said can be unequivocally meaningful. The strongest case against the sceptical position would be mathematics. Philosophers since the sceptical revolution of epistemology that Hume led have largely agreed that complete, rigorous knowledge of the empirical world is impossible. But math and logic are sometimes held to be beyond this. Yet Wittge nstein's work, being semantical and semiotic, actually impugns even math. 2 + 2 = 4 is straight forward enough, but to be sensible, one has to assume that it is meant that the symbol 2 matches the concept of â€Å"two†, that the plus sign means an addition, and that the equals sign indicates an equation (Kusch). Strictly speaking, in Kripke's view, one cannot make those assumptions. â€Å"The 'sceptical challenge' is thus ontological rather than epistemic; the sceptic seeks to show not that you are somehow unable to track the facts of what you mean, but that there are no facts for you track†. To decode 2 + 2 = 4 requires more than the rules of mathematics, no matter how rigorous: It requires socially agreed-upon assertability conditions, like â€Å"2 is two, + indicates the mathematical function of addition and = means the equal function†. In strict Chinese or any non-Arabic numeral language, 2 + 2 = 4 is gibberish; in Roman, the closest one would get would be I I + II = IV.

The concept of child abuse

The concept of child abuse The concept of child abuse is historically, socially and culturally bound. Critically discuss this statement with reference to the subject material and literature. Introduction This paper will look at child abuse, what that is in Australia today. Through reviewing literature on child abuse and child protection this paper aims to show that the concept of child abuse is dependent on social and cultural values. In order to discuss child abuse and its relationship to history and social and cultural values it is important to define the term child abuse in the child protection field in Australia today. Zuchowski (2009: 30) cites Fernandez as recognizing that the importance of agreed and unambiguous definitions is central to identifying maltreatment and appropriate interventions and that child abuse is a socially constructed concept defined by social, cultural and economic conditions. In Australian child protection work child abuse is defined in terms of physical, sexual and emotional abuse and in the more contentious area, child neglect. Physical and emotional abuses are defined as acts of commission or omission that cause harm or worse to children. Sexual abuse is defined as the child being used for the sexual gratification of the adult and involves the abuse of trust and power inherent in relationships between adults and children. Neglect is defined as a situation in which the parents/carers fail to provide for the basic essential needs that children require (Tilbury, Osmond, Wilson Clark 2007:5; Tomison, 2001:48). The term neglect is contentious and implies judgement; Feminism and Post-Modernist theories challenge workers to be critically reflective on the ways in which language contributes to the construction of social values (Healy, 2005:194). Applied to child protection work Feminist, Structuralist and Critical social work theories focus on social and economic resources and recognize the impact that structural disadvantages have on families capacities to provide for children (Tilbury et al, 2007:29). Neglect of children was not recognized prior to the industrial revolution and children as young as five were treated as slave labour in orphanages, workhouses and factories, where they were starved, beaten and often kept in leg irons (Tomison, 2001:48). These conditions are illegal in Australia today and would be considered as child abuse by current social values. History of Child Protection In the 19th century children were essentially seen as economic units, large families were an investment and childrens input was considered essential to family survival (Sanson Wise, 2001:5).By the turn of the 20th century changes in attitudes to child labour in Australia were reflected in laws such as the Factory Act of New South Wales and Victoria of 1896, compulsory education for all children in all Australian states by 1900 and the establishment of voluntary child rescue groups such as The Victorian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1894 which was concerned with child abuse and the effects of poverty and disadvantage on their living conditions (Sanson Wise, 2001:5; Tomison, 2001:50). However, widespread public concern regarding the maltreatment of children only emerged when child abuse was rediscovered by Dr H Kempe and his colleagues in the United States in the 1960s. They coined the term battered baby syndrome and their work created interest in child maltreatment around the world. (Tomison , 2001:50; Parton, 2002:5). At the time child abuse was seen as a socio-medical problem, a disease which could be cured and prevented whereas today child abuse is currently framed as a socio-legal problem with the emphasis on gathering and assessing forensic evidence (Parton, 2002:11; Tomison, 2001:52). The professionalization of child protection services during the 1970s and 1980s saw the development of risk-assessment tools ; aids to assist workers in making the right decision and to help ensure accountability. These developments saw the worker as the expert; whereas current theories used in social work in Australia such as strengths- based approaches and narrative therapie s emphasize a collaborative effort between families and child protection services (Kreuger, 2007:237; Tilbury et al, 2007:16). The influence of the child rescue movement in the late 19th century on child protection in Australia has been profound, particularly influencing the history of social intervention and removal of Indigenous children from their families (Sanson Wise, 2001:8.).Child protection in Australia was first provided by predominantly Christian church groups in the non-government sector and targeted abandoned, neglected children and those with families considered socially inadequate. Initially rescued children were boarded with approved families until later years when orphanages were established. In the early days of settlement the deprivation that children suffered in institutions was recognized, leading to foster care or boarding out being the preferred placement for neglected children (Tomison, 2001:49). Indigenous Child Protection From the first white settlement of Australia colonial values and approaches saw the land being regarded as Terra Nullius, Indigenous people being treated as free labour at best and subsequent laws, policies and practices that forcibly removed Indigenous children from their families (HREOC, 1997:2). The Colonial response to the atrocities perpetrated on the Aboriginal people was to establish a protectorate system which would segregate and therefore supposedly protect Indigenous people. By 1911 most Australian states and territories had reserved land and assigned responsibility and therefore control of Aboriginal peoples lives to a Chief Protector or Protection Board. This power was used to remove Indigenous children from their families with a view to converting them to Christianity (HREOC, 1997). This policy approach would be considered racist by current social standards. Australia has been slow to recognize and respect the cultural values of the Indigenous people of Australia in ever y way, including child care and protection. As the population of mixed descent people grew government officials responded by removing children and housing them away from their families with the aim of absorbing and merging them into the non-Indigenous population. The forcible removal of Indigenous children continued in many guises up until the 1960s; those people affected by this practice are now known as The Stolen Generation. In New South Wales after 1940, Indigenous and non-Indigenous children came under general child welfare legislation. The inherent racism in policy and practice and lack of recognition of cultural differences ensured that Indigenous families were more readily found to be neglectful. Poverty was equated with neglect and Indigenous families, ineligible for unrestricted welfare support until after 1966, were judged as failing to provide adequately by non-Indigenous standards (HREOC, 1997). Attachment theory is based on the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Attachment theory recognizes the importance of the early relationship between parent and child and its influence on childrens future ability to form healthy relationships. Bowlbys work on maternal deprivation, based on the premise that attachment to a caregiver is essential for survival, was not applied to Indigenous families in the 1950s and 60s in Australia (Bretherton, 1995:759; Osmond Darlington, 2002:1). This failure can be attributed to the same racist attitudes to Indigenous Australians that saw Australia declared an empty continent by the first settlers (HREOC, 1997). Looking through the lens of attachment theory at Australias history of forcible removal of Indigenous children, it is easy to see the legacy of intergenerational suffering and its ongoing impact on the wellbeing of Indigenous communities today (Sanson Wise, 2001:39). From todays perspective historic child protection practices impos ed on Indigenous Australians are seen as child abuse and maltreatment. Prime Minister Rudds apology, in February 2008, for the damage done to Indigenous Australians through past policies of removal, evidences the change in Australian social values which are reflected in policy. In the Bringing them Home Report (HREOC, 1997:19), Sir William Deane acknowledges the extent to which present disadvantage flows from past injustices and oppression. The report recognizes the permanent wounding caused to the Stolen Generation by forcible removal and institutional abuse. All states and territories in Australia have accepted the Indigenous Placement Principle as law or policy (SNAIC, 2002:66.)This policy recognizes the importance of retaining Indigenous Australian childrens connections to their community and culture(Ban, 2005:388). The Indigenous Placement Principle embeds Indigenous cultural values in social policy by seeking to place children within extended families and their communities. This principle is critical to addressing issues such as Indigenous children being six times more likely to be removed than any other Australian children and twenty times more likely to be in the juvenile justice system. This high rate of removal can be attributed to structural issues such as poverty, lack of adequate housing and the intergenerational effects of policies that forcibly and deliberately removed Indigenous children from culture and family (Zuchowski, 2009:76). In fifty years, approaches to indigenous child protection in Australia have radically changed; they now reflect recognition of past injustices, respect for cultural differences and values and a commitment to partnership and collaboration between governments, services and Indigenous Australians to build capacities and resilience in communities to keep families and children safe (Calma, 2007). Economic Impacts Thomson (2003) suggests that there is an institutional blindness to the role that poverty plays in putting children at risk of harm. The rise of economic rationalism as the dominant philosophy through the 1990s in Australian social policy has been twofold: under- resourcing of welfare services such as child protection and a user -pays approach which sees the poor and needy further disadvantaged. Economic rationalism is a potentially value laden approach where those who are socially and economically disadvantaged held responsible for their circumstances. As Tomison (2001:52) acknowledges the focus of economic rationalism on efficiency, effectiveness and accountability potentially conflicts with the ethical commitments made by social workers such as a commitment to achieving social justice (Tilbury et al 2007:10; AASW, 1999). Economic issues impact the reconciliation process with the Indigenous community as healing and reconciliation relies on redress of past wrongs (HREOC, 1997). Thor pe (2007) also notes that a disproportionate amount of resources in child protection are spent on investigation rather than care. Current Social Policy Approaches: Prevention and early intervention The current discourse on child protection, influenced by strength based and evidence based approaches, has shifted from talking about abuse to talking about harm (Zuchowski, 2009:33). Feminism and Post-modernism recognize language as a site which contributes to defining social value; these discourses have also contributed to the shift from talking about abuse to focussing on the harm done to children. Harm is defined in The Child Protection Act (1999) as any detrimental effect of a significant natureon the childs wellbeing. This term allows for family and child to contribute to the assessment of what is considered detrimental and significant (Tilbury et al, 2007:4). The focus since the mid 1990s in Australia has been on early intervention and prevention (Tomison, 2001:54-55). Resilience has been recognized as a key protective factor in children surviving maltreatment and high risk situations and achieving healthy and adaptive outcomes. The growing recognition that enhancing protective factors to prevent maltreatment of children is cost effective, and provides both social and economic benefits, has seen an increasing focus on the delivery of early intervention and prevention services in Australia. These services are mostly delivered through non-government agencies such as Family Centres in New South Wales. Government policies now focus on health and wellbeing through enhancing community, family and individual strengths. These current strengths-based family support approaches are a contrast to historic approaches that sought to place responsibility and blame solely with the parent. Childrens health and wellbeing is now seen as a community responsibility; the impact of the socio-economic environment in which the family lives is now taken into account (Tomiso n, 2002:7; 2001:55). Conclusion According to Tilbury et al the label child abuse changes according to social context and reflects public opinion and values as well as expert opinion and reflects the degree to which society supports families to care for their children(2007:6). Furthermore understandings of child abuse and neglect differ according to socio-economic status, culture and ethnic background (Bowes Watson, 2004), as cited in Tilbury et al. (2007:6). What constitutes child abuse is dependent on social and cultural values; this is clearly evidenced in the changes to the treatment and care of children throughout even the short history of Australia since white settlement. The increase in notification and substantiation of children at risk in the last decade is the outcome of a widening definition of what comprises child abuse (Scott, 2006, as cited in Thorpe, 2007:1). Australias history of forcible removal of Indigenous children, the disconnection of British migrant children from family, the abuse of children in institutional care and the ongoing social and mental damage that these practices caused is now well known (Thorpe, 2007:1). These historic practices are unacceptable and considered abuse and maltreatment in Australia today. When compared with Australias current collaborative and culturally sensitive approach to child protection it is clear that child abuse, and community perception and response to it, reflect the dominant cu ltural and social values of the day. 1 Catriona Robertson, Student No. 0718540740, Assignment 1, WS3027: Child and Family Welfare, 10th January 2010.

My Most Embarassing Day Ever Essay examples -- essays research papers

Dear Diary, Today was the most embarrassing day of my life. I hope this will never happen to me again. Here’s how my day went. I woke up this morning around 7:30am. It was the Grand Final day for my Under 17’s football side. We were undefeated. I was the full forward and so far I have kicked ninety seven goals. I need at least three more goals this game to get my first one hundred goal season. I was going through my normal Sunday morning football routine. Get up, eat breakfast (nine wheat bix and two glasses of orange juice) and get changed for footy. One of my superstitions is to wear the same footy jocks I’ve worn all season. Every game I have worn them we have won but for some reason today I completely forgot about them. I got to the oval at around 10:30am and met my team so we coul...

Malnutrition And Liver Disease Health And Social Care Essay

Background and Aims: Malnutrition is a accepted complication of chronic liver disease with of import predictive deductions. Hepatitis C virus liver disease spans a spectrum from chronic hepatitis C, to compensated cirrhosis, and eventually decompensated cirrhosis. Our purpose was to measure the nutritionary position of patients with hepatitis C virus liver disease. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled from the out-patient clinics, and categorized into 4 distinguishable populations of 100 patients each: Healthy controls ( HC ) , those with chronic hepatitis C infection ( CHC ) , compensated cirrhotics ( CC ) and decompensated cirrhotics ( DC ) . The validated subjective planetary appraisal tool was used to measure nutritionary position. Consequences: A sum of 400 patients were enrolled, every bit divided amongst the 4 groups. Most of the patients in the HC group were category A ( best nutritionary position ) . In contrast the bulk ( 68 % ) in the DC group were in the category C ( worst position ) . While 86 % of patients in the CHC group had a category A SGA mark, merely 10 % of the CC did. The nutritionary position showed a declining from Class A to C through the 4 groups which was statistically important ( p-value & lt ; 0.001 ) . Decision: Malnutrition occurs early, and progresses unrelentingly throughout the spectrum of HCV disease. Cardinal words: Malnutrition, nutritionary position, hepatitis C virus, liver diseaseIntroductionThe relationship between malnutrition and liver disease has been presuming greater significance due to the acknowledgment that it is associated with inauspicious clinical results. Malnutrition is present in 65-90 % of patients with advanced liver disease and in about 100 % of campaigners for liver transplantation.1, 2. Cirrhotic patients who are malnourished non merely hold a higher morbidity, but besides an increased mortality rate.3, 4. The badness of malnutrition correlatives straight with the patterned advance of the liver disease.5, 6 The main ground for the malnutrition in these patients is hapless unwritten consumption, which may be due to a assortment of causes. Vitamin A and/or Zn lack may give rise to an altered sense of gustatory sensation 7. The dietetic limitations that are normally recommended to these patients, such as limitation of Na, protein, and fats, can deter equal unwritten consumption by rendering nutrient bland. The presence of failing, weariness, and brain disorder may besides lend to reduced unwritten intake8. Malabsorption is another critical ground why patients with advanced hepatic disease go malnourished. A decrease in the bile-salt pool may take to fat malabsorption,9, or bacterial giantism may ensue from impaired small-bowel motility.10 The presence of portal high blood pressure has besides been blamed as a cause of malabsorption and protein loss from the GI track.11, 12 In add-on, the disposal of medicines used in the intervention of hepatic brain disorder may besides lend to malabsorption.13 Hepatitis C virus liver disease spans a spectrum from chronic hepatitis degree Celsius, to compensated cirrhosis, and to eventually decompensated cirrhosis. While the open malnutrition associated with cirrhosis has been documented in literature, there is small informations sing the nutritionary position of patients who have simple chronic hepatitis C, with no grounds of terrible liver disfunction, apart from raised aminotransferases, or the remunerated cirrhotic, and how they compare to the normal population. This information is all the more relevant in the underdeveloped universe, where deficiency of instruction and consciousness, and unavailability to good wellness attention lead to misinformation. Often faith therapists, traditional medical specialty specializers ( hakims ) , quacks and household members enforce rigorous and unneeded dietary limitations, preponderantly of fat and protein, which initiate and worsen nutritionary position. Given these facts, it would be prudent to test all patients with liver disease for nutritionary abnormalcies to place those at hazard of developing malnutrition.14 Subjective planetary appraisal ( SGA ) is a tool that combines multiple elements of nutritionary appraisal to sort the badness of malnutrition signifier mild to severe.15 These constituents are recent weight loss, alterations in dietetic consumption, GI symptoms, functional capacity, marks of musculus cachexia, and the presence of presacral or pedal hydrops. The SGA is an first-class tool to measure nutritionary position in many diseases, and has an interobserver duplicability rate of 80 % .16 Simple bedside methods like the SGA have been shown to place malnutrition adequately ; the usage of more complex hiting systems has non proved superior17.4 M. Plauth, M. Merli, J. Kondrup, P. Ferenci, A. Weimann and M.E.S.P.E.N. Muller, Guidelines for nutrition in liver disease and organ transplant, Clin Nutr 16 ( 1997 ) , pp. 43-55. Abstract | PDF ( 1653 K ) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus ( 163 )Materials and MethodsPatients were enrolled from the out-patient hepatology clinics a t the Aga Khan University Hospital in a prospective mode. After a elaborate appraisal by the doctor which included a history and scrutiny, patients were categorized into 4 distinguishable populations of 100 patients each: Healthy controls ( HC ) , those with chronic hepatitis C infection ( CHC ) , compensated cirrhotics ( CC ) and decompensated cirrhotics ( DC ) . Healthy controls were the attach toing house-hold members ( gender and closest age matched ) of the patients who were assessed to be healthy after a history, scrutiny and a negative HCV antibody testing trial. The controls were exposed to the same socio- economic conditions as the patients, and showing of household members of the index patient is standard pattern at our infirmary. CHC patients were those who had grounds of HCV viraemia, raised aminotransferases, normal liver man-made map, and an ultrasound of the liver demoing a healthy liver, without grounds of portal high blood pressure, such as a dilated portal vena, or splenomegaly. Patients were classified as holding CC when they had no history of decompensation, and an ultrasound screening characteristics of cirrhosis A ± portal high blood pressure, but no ascites. Finally DC were those who had either a history or physical scrutiny compatible with a diagnosing of decompensation, or a ultrasound demonstrating free fluid in the venters. Decompensation was defined as any episode of variceal hemorrhage, ascites, or porto-sytemic brain disorder. The SGA signifier was filled in all cases by the adviser doctor himself. A nutritionary history was besides noted, with peculiar mention to any protein or fat limitation. Written, informed consent was taken from all the survey participants, and the survey was approved by the university moralss commission.ConsequencesA sum of 400 patients were enrolled, every bit divided amongst the 4 groups. Age and gender were comparable in all 4 groups ( Table 1 ) . Most of the patients in the HC group were category A harmonizing to the SGA, and there were none in category C. In contrast the bulk ( 68 % ) in the DC group were in the category C, while merely 4 % were in the A class. The nutritionary position showed a gradual passage from Class A to C, with a 3rd of CC and the bulk of DC all hiting a C on the SGA. Fourteen per centum of patients with CHC besides scored a B on the SGA. ( Graph 1 )DiscussionThis is the first survey to document the nutritionary position of patients across the whole spectrum of hepatitis C virus infection. Most of the literature has been devoted to the nutritionary facets of cirrhotic and pre graft patients,18, 19 but as our survey shows, that the downslide begins much earlier, even before cirrhosis sets in. Even when these patients visit their doctors for other complaints, the nutritionary lack may non be realized, so the procedure continues unabated, until blunt malnutrition sets in. The huge bulk of patients across all the cohorts were on a diet that was restricted in protein and fat content in changing sums. This stems from the false but steadfast belief that when the liver is affected, it should non be â€Å" burdened † with Calories. This pattern, which is endorsed non merely by patients and their households, but besides unluckily by ill-informed doctors, is likely the ground why up to 14 % of patients with merely CHC are reasonably malnourished, and that the bulk of CC patients are reasonably or overtly malnourished. The major alteration in SGS position in our survey was seen between the CHC and the CC cohort of patients, and this is where the focal point of nutritionary intercession should be. Patients with CHC should be expected to hold the same degree of nutrition as HC, as no important liver harm has occurred, but this was n't the instance. Up to 14 % of such patients had a moderate nutritionary value, most probably a consequence of caloric and protein limitation. Poor nutritionary position contributes to tire, anaemia, and infection, all of which impair successful HCV intervention, as intervention itself causes cytopenias and profound weariness. Patients who are in better nutritionary wellness are more likely to digest intervention side-effects, require less break of intervention, or dose decreases, and hence have a more successful result, as compared to those who are nutritionally depleted20, 21. The CC group besides had a really alarmingly little figure of patients who were good nourished ( 10 % ) . The huge bulk ( 56 % ) were reasonably nourished, and a important figure ( 34 % ) were malnourished. The chief ground we feel, for such a high figure of cirrhotics to be malnourished is PCM, which promotes katabolism, hypoalbuminemia. This is a really delicate group of patients-while they are compensated, they already have extended hepatic harm. Malnutrition accelerates their slide towards decompensation, as there is a direct correlativity between the patterned advance of the liver disease and the badness of malnutrition.5, 20 Patients with cirrhosis who are malnourished have a higher rate of hepatic brain disorder, infection, and variceal bleeding.18, 22 They are besides twice every bit likely to hold stubborn ascites.1 All of these events in a cirrhotic have high mortality rates. Multiple surveies have reported a correlativity between hapless nutritionary position and mortality, and malnutrition is an independent forecaster of mortality in patients with cirrhosis.3, 23 It is no admiration so, that the nutritionally worst group has the maximal figure of patients who have decompensated cirrhosis, followed by CC. Using modes such as media runs, out-patient guidance, and awareness cantonments may all function to contend the disinformation that takes the topographic point of right information, when it is non supplied by the wellness attention supplier. Doctors should besides be made cognizant of non merely the importance of nutritionary rating and guidance in all patients with hepatitis C infection but besides its regular appraisal at follow up visits. Patients should be encouraged to take as normal and balanced a diet as possible, including protein, which is routinely restricted in our scene. The establishment of a bland, protein and Calorie restricted diet is non warranted, and should be counseled against at every brush with the patient and their attenders. Even in advanced cirrhosis, protein should merely be restricted during a period of encephalopathy, and salt should be restricted if there is pedal odema and/or ascites.23, 24Decision:Malnutrition exists throughout the spectrum of HCV disease. It occurs early in the disease procedure, and is grim, with of import predictive effects. Poor unwritten consumption, malabsorption, but most significantly, protein Calorie limitations are all responsible for the province. It is therefore, imperative to measure the nutritionary position of all patients with chronic liver disease and to optimise nutrition in these patients. Malnutrition is a potentially reversible status that, when identif ied and corrected, can take to improved patient results. This survey paperss the baseline nutritionary position of a big cohort of patients in our scene, and provides informations upon which other nutrition interventional surveies may be based.

Lab 1 Report Essay

Lab 1 Report Essay Lab 1 Report Essay Nicholas Bollinger Unit 1 Case Lab IT Project Characteristics: 1. Difficulty: High, Medium or Low 2. Size: Large, Medium or Small 3. Skill: High, Medium or Low 4. Changes/Development: New Development, Upgrade of change of an existing software product. 5. Risk: High, Medium or Low 3 IT Categories: 1. Small IT projects 2. Medium IT projects 3. Large IT projects Small IT projects There must be less than two man years of development effort is needed A single development team of five people or less is required The amount of source code is less than 10000 lines, excluding comments. Difficulty The difficulty of functions and data is low. The Number of Interfaces is less than 10. The amount of source code is less than 1000 lines, excluding comments. The number of entities is less than 10 The number of relations is less than 10 The number of data fields is less than 20 Size No more than a half years time with 1 to 2 project members max. Skill Members of the project need a low expertise level to achieve the project Changes/Development Changes of an existing software product. Risk Involved The project presents medium level risks. . Medium IT Projects Difficulty The complexity of functions and data is considered medium. The Number of sub-functions is more than 10 and less than 30. The Number of Interfaces is more than 10 and less than 30. The amount of source code is between 1000 and 5000 lines, excluding comments. The number of entities is more than 10 and less than 40 The number of relations is more than 10 and less than 40 The number of data fields is more than 20 and less than 100 Size The projected cost/effort is not more

Definition and Examples of Metadiscourse

Definition and Examples of Metadiscourse Metadiscourse is an umbrella term for words used by a writer or speaker to mark the direction and purpose of a text. Adjective:  metadiscursive. Derived from the Greek words for beyond and discourse, metadiscourse can be  broadly defined as discourse about discourse, or as  those aspects of texts  that affect the relations of authors to readers (Avon Chrismore, Talking With Readers, 1989). In Style:  The Basics of Clarity and Grace (2003), Joseph  M. Williams notes that in academic writing, metadiscourse appears most often in introductions, where we announce intentions: I claim that . . ., I shall show . . ., We begin by . . . and again at the end, when we summarize: I have argued . . ., I have shown . . ., We have claimed . . .. Explanations of Metadiscourse Some of our most common and useful metadiscourse signals are the conjunctive adverbs . . .: however, so, nevertheless, and prepositional phrases such as in other words, in addition, and in fact. Other text connectors youre familiar with, such as first, in the first place, second, next, finally, and in conclusion, clearly add to the ease of reading, the flow of the text.(Martha Kolln, Rhetorical Grammar: Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects. Pearson, 2007)Metadiscourse reveals the writers awareness of the reader and his or her need for elaboration, clarification, guidance and interaction. In expressing an awareness of the text, the writer also makes the reader aware of it, and this only happens when he or she has a clear, reader-oriented reason for doing so. In other words, drawing attention to the text represents a writers goals relative to an assessment of the readers need for guidance and elaboration.(Ken Hyland, Metadiscourse: Exploring Interaction in Writing. Continuum, 2005) Writers and Readers Metadiscourse refers to the writers thinking and writing: We will explain, show, argue, claim, deny, suggest, contrast, summarize . . .the writers degree of certainty: it seems, perhaps, undoubtedly, I think . . .   (We call these hedges and intensifiers.)the readers actions: consider now, as you might recall, look at the next example ...the writing itself and logical connections among its parts: first, second, third; to begin, finally; therefore, however, consequently...   (Joseph  M. Williams,  Style:  The Basics of Clarity and Grace. Longman, 2003) Metadiscourse as Commentary Every student who has silently suffered a course of lectures, surreptitiously watching the clock, . . . knows what metadiscourse is, although the word may be quite unfamiliar. Metadiscourse is Last week and Now I propose to turn to and What are we to understand by this? and If I may put it metaphorically, all the way through to And so to conclude... followed by Finally... and Next week we shall go on to examine ...[M]etadiscourse is a kind of commentary, made in the course of speaking or writing. The essential feature of this commentary is that it is not appended to the text, like a footnote or a postscript, but is incorporated with it, in the form of words and phrases fitted into the unfolding message...Now many of the words and phrases we characterize, in their context, as metadiscourse quite obviously function as marks of text structure, or taxis, while as many again seem to occur as explanatory or corrective comments on diction and style, that is, lexis.(Walter Nash, An Uncommon Tongue: The Uses and Resources of English. Taylor Francis, 1992) Metadiscourse as a Rhetorical Strategy Definitions of metadiscourse that rely upon a clear-cut distinction between discourse (content) and metadiscourse (non-content) are ... shaky. Especially when analysing naturally-occurring speech, it cannot be assumed that all forms of communication about communication can be adequately separated from communication itself...Instead of defining metadiscourse as a level or plane of language, or a distinct unit separate from primary discourse, metadiscourse can be conceptualised as a rhetorical strategy used by speakers and authors to talk about their own talk (Chrismore 1989: 86). This is essentially a functional/discourse-oriented as opposed to a formally-oriented view.​(Tamsin Sanderson, Corpus, Culture, Discourse. Narr Dr. Gunter, 2008)

Managing organisational design and change Essay

Managing organisational design and change - Essay Example The report will include an immediate action list and a longer term plan for improvement of the organisation. This report will also attempt to suggest and establish the best way the organisation can effectively utilize the strategic changes that can be implemented to ensure better performance in the manufacturing of Office System 2010 (OS 2010). There is also need to identify the agendas of the stakeholders for the initiative to be successful. Attention in this case will be on the need to sustain organisational change which requires aspects like organisational learning whereby the workers can be re-orientated through provision of basic training and development which would be closely monitored upon implementation in order to improve their performance so as to guarantee quality of the products offered. 1.1 Description of the organisation’s current strategic quality and operational performance Technology Limited (Comm Tech) is an organisation which produces electronic office and b usiness equipment. Comm Tech is number three in the UK in terms of market share, number ten in Europe but still has to establish significant sales in the wider world market. The company has of late invested heavily over the years in the areas of research and development and in proto-type design which has seen designs of several successful products. The current business strategy for the company is primarily focused on developing a range of high quality products that would underpin penetration of the wider world markets and business growth. Concern is on growing business as quickly as possible in this particular case. Comm. Tech has sought to utilise the competitive advantage strategy but as going to be described in detail, it can be noted that this strategy is posing some serious challenges to its operational performance. Porter (1985) has suggested that many businesses are strategically viable such that their competitors may not be able to exceed their performance and he termed this state of affairs competitive advantage. Such stable status can be achieved only when they apply certain strategies that can hardly be imitated by the rival competitors. Porter (1985) has argued that a firm needs to have sustainable competitive advantages. Kotler and Armstrong (2004) concur with this notion when they suggest that competitive advantage is an advantage gained over other competitors by offering consumers greater value either by lowering prices or providing more benefits that justifies higher prices. There are mainly two sources of competitive advantage namely; cost advantage and differentiation as illustrated in the diagram below. Through Porter’s generic strategies, a ‘Cost Leadership’ strategy is where a firm seeks to be a low-cost producer in the industry whereas ‘Differentiation’ is when a firm seeks to be unique in the industry through offering products that are highly valued by the customers. Fig 1. Porter’s Generic strateg y model Competitive Advantage Source: In this particular

Price Analysis for the Navigation System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Analysis for the Navigation System - Essay Example For a cost to be said to be allowable, it has to be reasonable, allocable and comply with the terms of contract. The cost has to be reasonable in the sense that, the government buyers do not feel like they are being over-charged for the goods or services being offered by the company. The cost has also to lie within what the government would wish its citizens charged for the same (CCH Incorporated, 2007). Another type of cost to be determined is the variable cost which is a contrast of fixed cost. With the former, any variation in the expenses incurred will result in a corresponding increase in the output. However, with the former, the variation resulting from the incurred expenses does not affect the output. In the determination of the variable cost; that is after the completion of the start-up phase of a company, one has to bear in mind the costs relating to packaging, raw materials and the labour that is directly involved in the manufacturing process of the company. The total variable cost can be determined by getting the product of total cost per unit of output and total quantity of output. The semi-variable cost, which is also referred to as mixed cost, include both the variable and fixed rates. Electricity is considered to be the most common variable cost especially in the manufacturing companies. Cost analysis is very important to help one determine how to price a given commodity from a particular supplier. Before performing price analysis, there is need to compare competitive bids. This can be achieved through comparing several suppliers of a given similar commodity then at the end of the day, the average of the costs one has obtained can be very useful in helping him/her determine the price of a given good. Despite the fact that the above method is regarded as the best one when it comes to price analysis, there other methods which include prices set by law and regulation, comparison of a published price list,

Devise a strategy so that the NY Cheese Company can protect itself Case Study

Devise a strategy so that the NY Cheese Company can protect itself against foreign exchange risk - Case Study Example Thirdly, is the continuous assessment of the program’s success in order to improve the system. Fortunately, there are ways that the NY Cheese Company can hedge its risks. One way is by hedging the cash flow since it only impacts the balance sheets rather than the income statements over the life of the hedge (Jain 20). In the case of NY Cheese Company that buys cheese from the Chinese company and pays for the same using the US dollars, then it means that the foreign company will have to purchase the local currency to cover its costs. If there is a fluctuation in the dollar against the Yuan, then it means that the foreign company will have to increase the cost of the cheese exported to the NY Cheese Company in order to cover for the same. Hence, the best solution for the NY Cheese Company is to pay for the cheese supplied by the Chinese Cheese Company in local currency; thus, manage the foreign exchange risks on its own. Secondly, the NY Cheese Company can go for a short dated forward contract, which is quite effective as compared to the cash flow hedging. The main reason why f orward contracts are effective is that they are easy to execute; hence, they are flexible enough and can be rolled over into a new hedge after the completion of the period. If the NY Cheese Company manages to use the future contract a way hedging the foreign exchange risks, then it means that the company will be able to increase its revenue since there would be a reduction in the costs involved when there is a fluctuation in the currency. Similarly, the company will not have to worry about price instability. This is because the Chinese company will be obligated by the contract to sell cheese at the stipulated amount without putting into consideration the current spot rate of the dollar against the Yuan. This is the main reason why it is advisable for the NY Cheese Company to use the forward contract as a way of hedging the foreign exchange risks since it is

Specific Helping Skills Essay Example for Free

Specific Helping Skills Essay Abstract As a professional working in the field of Human Services, having specific helping skills are vital to the effectiveness of the services as well as the goals of the client. There are many elements that support both verbal and non-verbal communication. Contrary to the supportive elements that determine success, there are also a wide range of barriers that both the helper and the client may face. It is important for the helper to attend to several duties before meeting with a client such as completing appropriate forms or paperwork in order to gain as much information about the client as possible. The helper must also set up a comfortable environment for the client as the helping process can be intimidating which may hinder success. In addition to the duties of the helper prior to the initial meeting with a client, the helper must keep in mind effective questions that will guide them through the helping process. Specific Helping Skills that can be used with clients Everyone at some point in their life experiences problems. Although problems are a normal part of life, each individual experiences things at different levels. Some people are able to work through things quickly, efficiently, and effective. Other people may experience problems for longer periods of time or even for a life-time. Through these difficulties some may require assistance working through their troubles. When a helper is involved with a client, communication is the key to success. The most specific skill a helper can have with their client is effective communication which entails both verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal Non-Verbal Communication Verbal Communication is a helpful behavior to posses while communicating with a client as the helper must first determine what the problem is, and what the specific needs are. These questions are not easily answered if there is a lot of miscommunication and confusion on either side of the helping process. The job of the helper through verbal communication is to mirror the thoughts of the client in order to better understand the client’s thought process. This is helpful for both the helper and the client. For the helper, verbal communication helps to indentify either direct or indirect thoughts and feelings the client is trying to express. For the client, verbal communication helps them to better understand what they are truly feeling and thinking or expressing as well as give them a better understanding to the responsibility they have. The helper is to use paraphrasing or reiterating without speaking the thoughts or feelings for the client. At times it may be necessary for the helper to ask open ended questions that provide better understanding to establish services. Open-ended questions such as, â€Å"How exactly did the fight between the two of you start?† are important open-ended questions to ask because it lets the helper gather background information that may have been left out. It is best for the helper not to establish feelings in open-ended questions when speaking with a client such as, â€Å"I bet that made you angry, huh?† so these types of open-ended questions are best avoided. Also, when speaking with clients, the helper should try to avoid closed-ended question that are simply answered with a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† answer. For example, it would better to ask an open-ended question about how someone is feeling verse a close-ended question like, â€Å"Are you feeling better today?† As you can see, asking an open-ended question provides for better understanding of the client’s true thought process and needs. Most all of the communication communicated between a sender and a receiver is in response to non-verbal communication. Body language, posture, facial expressions, gestures, paralinguistic’s, eye contact, haptics, proxemics, and even a person’s appearance can all be defined as forms of non-verbal communication. These unspoken forms of communication and behaviors are subtle signals that most people are not even aware that they are sending to a receiver. Facial expressions are the most common form of non-verbal communication because a grimace or a smile can speak for the sender’s thoughts even before they verbally express them. Also, facial expressions are the most easily translated non-verbal communication signals as signs of happiness, sadness, and anger are express through the face the same. Eye contact, like facial expressions, is considered an important form of non-verbal communication. Looking at someone in the eyes can determine a level of interest, a sense of hostility, and even emotions. Speaking with ones hands, or better known as gestures, is another form of non-verbal communication. Waving or pointing in a direction can express a â€Å"hello† or direction without using verbal communication. Body language and posture movements can present a great deal of information about attitudes and feelings. Contrary, if a receiver is not focused on a sender’s posture and movements then body language may be less definitive in conveying a message being sent. Subtle postures such as arm-crossing, or leg-crossing, are just a few signs of body language. Proxemics and haptics are both forms of non-verbal communication that involve personal space and touch. Proxemics are the measures that a person views as their personal space when speaking to a person or a group. Haptics are a form of communication through touch. Infants are able to establish their care taker is communicating affection, and other emotions, through touch. Pitch, tone of voice, and the level at which one speaks is defined as paralinguistic’s. Paralinguistic’s are a good indicator of the meaning behind a message a sender is verbally trying to send. A sender may use a certain set of words to verbally express thoughts or feelings, but paralinguistic’s are a separate form of communication that is non-verbal. Appearance is the most audible form of non-verbal communication. How a person dresses, the colors they wear, or their hairstyle, can make the first impression that is the judgment one will pass based off of an initial appearance. An appearance may speak for the individual long before verbal communication ever takes place. Non-Verbal Barriers There are a number of non-verbal barriers that can present problems when communicating. Developmental disorders and brain dysfunction is just one area that may present problems for the helper. For example, autistic individuals may often times not be able to speak for themselves, and when an interpreter must step in to speak on behalf of the individual, communication may become difficult in the success of reaching the client’s needs. Cultural barriers are another form of a non-verbal barrier. Eye contact, gestures, the need for personal space, touch, and appearance, are just a few cultural differences that create cultural barriers. An individual may feel intimidated or uncomfortable sitting within close proximity of a helper when they feel their personal space is being invaded. Deceptive gestures can create miscommunication as well. This form of non-verbal communication barrier can host a number of problems for an individual who is not skilled in other areas of communication, both verbal and non-verbal, when they convey a message that may not be accurately presented. Deceptive gestures are not always communicated due to deception, but may be forms of nervousness, tension, or a number of other emotional states. Non-verbal barriers should be taken in to account when communicating with individuals as they may hinder the success of a client if they are overlooked or go un-noticed. The most specific skill the helper can posses when serving the needs of a client, or group of people, is to have effective communication. Both verbal communication and non-verbal communication are skills that can be acquired and involve knowledge and experience. The success of the client’s goals depends on effective communication between the sender and the receiver.

A Five Forces Analysis Of Air Arabia Tourism Essay

A Five Forces Analysis Of Air Arabia Tourism Essay According to this model any business has 4 stages during its life cycle. These stages are: Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. In the introduction phase a company just starts offering its new product or services in the market. At this stage the company might the only one in the market or its services or products might be completely new. In the stage of growth the company has to make huge investments for the marketing and research and development of the product so that the product can grow competitive in the market. The stage of maturity the curve of the industry life cycle becomes flatter and the rate of growth slows down. There are very few firms in this stage where the business giant has a little competition from the new comers in the industry. At last the decline phase of the life cycle is nearly inevitable if there are no regular improvements are done in the product or service. In this phase the sales decline at a very pace. Every company, industry or business goes throu gh all these stages in their life cycle but there are very few companies which have seen the maturity phase. Air Arabia is one of those companies of the UAE which is in the stage of maturity. The company is considered to be in the stage of maturity as it fulfils all the requirements to be in the stage. Air Arabia is the largest aviation company that offers the lowest flying cost. The strategy of cost minimizing and branding by increasing the number of flights is to gain sustainable competitive advantage in the industry and competitive edge over the new entrant competitors. Being in the phase of maturity of the industry life cycle the company Air Arabia must stick to its low cost carrier services and focused on the current business model. Air Arabia has captured most of the business hubs of the Middle East and North Africa region which has a potential developing market and prospective growth for the aviation industry and LCCs. The business strategy of the company should not be only s triving for cutting down the operational cost to provide low price carrier but to provide service which is more scheduled, convenient, more destinations it covers, and performs in time. Analysis of the Air Arabia based on Michael Porters five Competitive Forces: Threat of New Entrants The entry of new company in the industry influences the competition scenario in the industry. The aviation industry has a high potential of profits so it may attract competitors in the market. These new entrants might be threat for the Air Arabia aviation company which is the leader in the LCCs. These threats might be in terms of better services, lower cost of product and services. Air Arabia is a well established, profitable and most successful company in the industry so it would be difficult for the new entry to sustain in the market. The barrier of entry in the industry is also very high because of the huge cost of establishing the business. The business needs millions of millions dollars to be invested to establish a company. The cost of an aircraft is around $ 2 billions and to compete with the Air Arabia the competitors has to run the airline at low cost and offering better customer services. Air Arabia has a brand name and customer loyalty in the business which gives it compet itive advantage over the new entrants in the industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Every industry and business needs raw material to manufacture their final product or service and this raw material is made available by the suppliers. These suppliers can influence the profit involved in the industry by varying the cost or quality of the raw material. Thus the relations with between the manufacturer and suppliers become important for the industry. The airline industry has very specific suppliers for the business. One is the aircraft manufacturing companies like Boeing and Airbus and fuel suppliers. Because of scarcity of the suppliers of aircrafts and limited production of units the suppliers can control the prices and bargaining power will be higher with them. The fuel suppliers also control the cost of the tickets of airlines. This force is a threat for the Air India as the suppliers has more power then the company. Bargaining Power of Buyers This force is stronger in the airline industry in the Middle East and North Africa region. The buyers have higher power of bargaining for low cost, and better services. The situation is because of the large number of options available to the passengers and the number of passengers travelling in the LCCs is very high which will affect the business on a very large scale. Because of the availability of several options of low cost airlines and the facility of internet booking of air tickets the customers have many flexible options available. So to weaken this force of buyers the company ha to maintain the quality of services and the cost of the services should be kept minimum in the industry. Otherwise this force will also act as a threat for the company. Threat of a Substitute Products or Services Substitutes for the airline industry are trains or driving cars but availability and feasibility of these substitutes varies from region to region. Cars and trains might be substitute for the regional and local flights but they cannot replace international low cost flights. So the power of this force also differs in regions like in Europe where travelling with trains is easier and cheaper the threat will be higher but in UAE where the train facility is not good and because of the hot and dry climate travelling with cars is also not possible flights are the best option as it is more convenient and time saving. So the power of force will be weak there and opportunities of business will be higher. Rivalry among existing firms In the aviation the competition level is very high between various airline companies. In the Middle East and North Africa region there are many international airlines in the industry. All these companies are attracting customers by providing best customer services, best aircrafts and lowest price in the industry. But the Air Arabia has been established in the region for the past many years and holding the position of leader in the LCC airlines. Business-Level Strategy The differentiation strategy requires the development and improvement in the quality of product or services. These products are offered to customers with better and unique characteristics which are completely different and advanced from the competitors. The uniqueness in the services will add a value to them and this value may be charged as a premium price of the service by the company. Air Arabia has been the leader f the LCCs for the past three years. Now the company can use is brand value to cover up the extra cost of the exclusive services by the customers. The unique attributes of the services provided by Air Arabia will be able to charge some extra dollars from the customers if the suppliers increase the cost of their products. The current business strategy of Air Arabia is cost focused; it provides services at the minimum cost possible in the industry and is leading the LCC industry for the past 3 years. The company should now add some value to its services. These value added services may be better customer service, rapid innovation and advanced technology. But if the company will practice this new business strategy along with its brand image then the threats and weaknesses can be overcome. To be successful with the differentiation strategy of business an organization might have certain strengths: Use of best and advanced scientific and technological concepts. Expert and competent work force for developing value added products or services. Sales team should be skilled enough to spread the advanced features and usability of the product. Brand image and reputation to improve quality and advancements. Value in the service and product can be created by implementing following steps in the business: Lowering Buyers Costs Improved quality will minimize the chances of problems in the services and thus the cost of buyer will also get reduced. Raising Buyers Performance The main objective of increasing the quality of services is to entertain the customers with better services and let them enjoy the service. Sustainability The uniqueness and reputation of the products will create barriers and high switching cost. Risks of Using a Differentiation Strategy Risks involved in using differentiation strategy in the airline industry are high. Competitors of Air Arabia can start imitating its business model or tastes and requirements of customers might change very frequently which might loose the value the service so the service will need changes accordingly. Functional-Level Strategies Internal analysis Business Model Mission, Vision, Values, and Goal Air Arabia is the leading firm in the field of low cost carriers with the mission of revolutionizing the air travel in the Middle East and North African region. The approach of the company will be novel and innovative which will offer services satisfying to the full value of money of customers. To achieve the mission of the company it will use low fare operations to grow the profitability of the organization. The teams of the Air Arabia will be highly motivated for customer satisfaction which will showcase the highest standards of operations and will manage the operational cost of the company. The vision of Air Arabia is To be one of the worlds leading Budget Airlines with respect to: Profitability and Margin Innovation Reputation Operational Excellence Air Arabia shows its loyalty to its passengers by offering them the minimum rates and best combination of rates and services which will attract them to travel with Air Arabia more frequently. The organization commits to its shareholders the highest and most secure return on their money. The company with its value Pay Less, Fly More offers safe, reliable and comfortable air travel throughout its network more often. The company always looks forward to meet the requirements and expectations of its valued customers by offering various value added services and offers. The company always invites the suggestions and feedbacks from the customers in order to improve its services and offerings. The journey with Air Arabia should be a wonderful experience is the main point of dedication of the company. Conclusion The Air Arabia must adopt generic business strategy of differentiation in addition to its current cost focused strategy. This mix of business strategies will gain competitive advantage over its competitors to the company. The better quality of services will make it the best company in the airline business. Air Arabias AcelAero was the multifunctional reservation system. It has offered and software solution enterprise: airline for better operational services. The company offers flights to more than 65 destinations around the world. Air Arabia understands the value of money of the customers and provides services that are compatible to the price customers have paid. All these are the uniqueness and advantages of the company in comparison to other airlines. Air Arabia will gain competitive advantages by focusing on other market segments. Like providing cargo services to Aramex, partnering with Dubai bank and Dubai Islamic Bank for the online payment facility, offering various gifts and v ouchers on the annual celebrations of the company. All these steps of the company are aimed to improve the brand name and corporate image of the company, regionally or internationally. These value added services of the company will help in increasing the number of customers and number of repeat customers who were once satisfied with the services of Air Arabia. The Air Arabia airlines company is in the maturity stage of the business life cycle so it will have to face strong competition with the competing airlines companies. To gain competitive edge over its competitors each company will be using offensive business strategies rather than defensive one to remain competitive in the market. The research and analysis of internal and external factors affecting the position of company in the airlines industry proposes following recommendations: The cost of operations of Air Arabia is increasing because of increasing fuel prices and giant investments in aircrafts and its services. The company must minimize the operational costs by improving operations in the business, particularly improvement in maintenance process, aircraft utilization, and effective scheduling of flights. Labor cost can also be reduced by using technology in various distribution processes. Although Air Arabia has threats of the high class airlines which provides high level of services to the passengers, the company is a leader in the low cost airlines. So cost of tickets can be increased up to a certain extent in order to improve the quality of services and add some value to those services. Air Arabia can remain competitive in the market because it is the leader of the LCCs and charges of other high class airlines are too much for a normal non business class customer. By extending the roots of the business in such a manner the company can grow its market s hare in the business class customers too. Air Arabia has routes in more than65 destination all over the world but as the UAE is a main attraction of global tourism so the routes of the airlines should be increased. The company should join some global alliances in order to widen the range of price and service offered by the airlines.